Kisan Vikas Patra - KVP

• Minimum Investment Rs. 500/- No maximum limit.
• Two adults, Individuals and minor through guardian can purchase.
• Companies, Trusts, Societies and any other Institution not eligible to purchase.
• Non-Resident Indian/HUF are not eligible to purchase.
• Facility of encashment from 2 ½ years.
• Maturity proceeds not drawn are eligible to Post office Savings account interest for a
• maximum period of two years.
• Facility of reinvestment on maturity.
• Patras can be pledged as security against a loan to Banks/Govt. Institutions.
• Patras are encashable at any Post office before maturity by way of transfer to desired
• Post office.
• Patras are transferable to any Post office in India.
• Patras are transferable from one person to another person before maturity
• Duplicate can be issued for lost, stolen, destroyed, mutilated and defaced patras.
• Nomination facility available.
• Facility of purchase/payment of Kisan vikas Patras to the holder of Power of attorney.
• Rebate under section 80 C not admissible.
• Interest income taxable but no TDS
• Deposits are exempt from Wealth tax.

Public Provident fund - PPF

• The Public Provident Fund Scheme is a statutory scheme of the Central
• Government of India.
• The Scheme is for 15 years.
• The rate of interest is 8% compounded annually.
• The minimum deposit is 500/- and maximum is Rs. 70,000/- in a financial year.
• One deposit with a minimum amount of Rs.500/- is mandatory in each financial year.
• The deposit can be in lumpsum or in convenient installments, not more than 12 Installments in a year or two installments in a month subject to total deposit of Rs.70,000/-.
• It is not necessary to make a deposit in every month of the year. The amount of deposit can be varied to suit the convenience of the account holders.
• The account in which deposits are not made for any reasons is treated as discontinued account and such account can not be closed before maturity.
• The discontinued account can be activated by payment of minimum deposit of Rs.500/- with default fee of Rs.50/- for each defaulted year.
• Account can be opened by an individual or a minor through the guardian.
• Joint account is not permissible.
• Those who are contributing to GPF Fund or EDF account can also open a PPF account.
• A Power of attorney holder can neither open or operate a PPF account.
• The grand father/mother cannot open a PPF behalf of their minor
• grand son/daughter.
• The deposits shall be in multiple of Rs.5/- subject to minimum amount of Rs.500/-.
• The deposit in a minor account is clubbed with the deposit of the account of the Guardian for the limit of Rs.70,000/-.
• No age is prescribed for opening a PPF account.
• Interest is not contractual but rate is notified by Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India, at the end of each year.
• The facility of first withdrawal in the 7th year of the account subject to a limit of 50% of the amount at credit preceding three year balance. Thereafter one Withdrawal in every year is permissible.
• Pre-mature closure of a PPF Account is not permissible except in case of death.
• Nominee/legal heir of PPF Account holder on death of the account holder can not continue the account, but account had to be closed.
• The account holder has an option to extend the PPF account for any period in a block of 5 years on each time.
• The account holder can retain the account after maturity for any period without making any further deposits. The balance in the account will continue to earn interest at normal rate as admissible on PPF account till the account is closed.
• One withdrawal in each financial year is also admissible in such account.
• The PPF scheme is operated through Post Office and Nationalized banks.
• PPF account can be opened either in Post Office or in a Bank.
• Account is transferable from one Post office to another and from Post office to Bank and from Bank to Post office.
• Account is transferable from one Bank to another bank as well as within the bank to any branch.
• Deposits in PPF qualify for rebate under section 80-C of Income Tax Act.
• The interest on deposits is totally tax free.
• Deposits are exempt from wealth tax.
• The balance amount in PPF in PPF account is not subject to attachment under any order or decree of court in respect of any debt or liability.
• Nomination facility available.
• Best for long term investment.

National Savings Certificate

• Minimum investment Rs. 500/- No maximum limit.  
• Rate of interest 8% compounded half yearly.  
• Rs. 1000/- grow to Rs. 1601/- in six years.  
• Two adults, Individuals, and minor through guardian can purchase.  
• Companies, Trusts, Societies and any other Institutions not eligible to purchase.  
• Non-resident Indian/HUF can not purchase.  
• No pre-mature encashment.  
• Annual interest earned is deemed to be reinvested and qualifies for tax rebate for first 5 years under section 80 C of Income Tax Act.  
• Maturity proceeds not drawn are eligible to Post Office Savings account interest for a maximum period of two years.  
• Facility of reinvestment on maturity.  
• Certificate can be pledged as security against a loan to banks/ Govt. Institutions.  
• Facility of encashment of certificates through banks.  
• Certificates are encashable any Post office in India before maturity by way of transfer to desired post office.  
• Certificates are transferable from one Post office to any Post office.  
• Certificates are transferable from one person to another person before maturity.  
• Duplicate Certificate can be issued for lost, stolen, destroyed, mutilated or defaced certificate.  
• Nomination facility available.  
• Facility of purchase/payment to the holder of Power of attorney.  
• Tax Saving instrument - Rebate admissible under section 80 C of Income Tax Act.  
• Interest income is taxable but no TDS  
• Deposits are exempt from Wealth tax.

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Two ways to use sudo in Linux-
1. sudo -u username -H bash”
and

2. sudo –u username -s